Identifikasi dan Pemetaan Spasial Berbasis SIG Terhadap Situs Warisan Geologi (Geoheritage) Sebagai Landasan Pengembangan Geowisata di Geopark Karst Maros, UNESCO Global Geopark
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62278/jits.v4i1.125Keywords:
geoheritage, pemetaan spasial, Geopark Maros, UNESCO Global GeoparkAbstract
Geopark Karst Maros Pangkep yang ditetapkan sebagai UNESCO Global Geopark merupakan salah satu bentang alam karst paling signifikan di Asia Tenggara. Meskipun demikian, dokumentasi spasial yang sistematis dari situs warisan geologisnya (geoheritage) masih terbatas, sehingga menghambat perencanaan geowisata yang efektif dan perumusan kebijakan konservasi berbasis bukti ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mendeskripsikan, dan memetakan secara spasial situs-situs geoheritage di Geopark Karst Maros menggunakan pendekatan terpadu antara survei lapangan dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Survei lapangan dilakukan di tiga kawasan utama yaitu Bantimurung, Leang-leang, dan Rammang-rammang. Data primer berupa koordinat GPS dari setiap situs yang dikombinasikan dengan data spasial sekunder (DEM BIG, jaringan jalan, dan jaringan sungai) untuk menghasilkan peta distribusi spasial geoheritage. Distribusi spasial dianalisis menggunakan analisis overlay SIG yang memungkinkan interpretasi pola pengelompokkan spasial, gradien aksesibilitas, dan hubungan antara persebaran situs geoheritage dengan pengaruh geologi yang mendasarinya. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 12 situs geoheritage yang terdiri dari empat tipe utama: speleologi, geomorfologi, arkeologi, dan hidrologi. Distribusi spasial menunjukkan konsentrasi tertinggi di Kawasan Rammang-rammang dengan enam situs, diikuti oleh masing-masing tiga situs di Kawasan Bantimurung dan Kawasan Leang-leang. Ketiga kawasan tersebut membentuk koridor geowisata yang terhubung secara linier dengan potensi besar untuk pengembangan terintegrasi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada dihasilkannya inventaris geoheritage berbasis survei lapangan yang pertama dan paling komprehensif di koridor Bantimurung-Leang-leang-Rammang-rammang sebagai zona geowisata terpadu dengan pendekatan pemetaan spasial SIG yang mengungkap hubungan antara distribusi geoheritage dan kendali litologi-struktural Formasi Tonasa.
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