Tinjauan Sistematis Metode Desulfurisasi Batubara : Pendekatan Biologis, Kimia, Fisika, dan Hybrid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62278/jits.v4i1.144Keywords:
desulfurisasi batubara, metode biologis, metode kimia, metode fisika, metode hybridAbstract
Kandungan sulfur pada batubara merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang memengaruhi kualitas batubara serta menjadi sumber emisi sulfur dioksida (SO₂) yang berkontribusi terhadap pencemaran udara dan hujan asam. Berbagai teknologi desulfurisasi telah dikembangkan melalui pendekatan fisika, kimia, biologis, dan hybrid, namun kajian yang membandingkan kinerja, mekanisme, keterbatasan, serta prospek pengembangannya secara komprehensif masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun tinjauan sistematis terhadap perkembangan teknologi desulfurisasi batubara berdasarkan 36 artikel ilmiah internasional yang telah melalui proses peer review. Kajian dilakukan dengan menganalisis jenis batubara, bentuk sulfur, mekanisme desulfurisasi, kondisi operasi, teknik karakterisasi, efisiensi penghilangan sulfur, serta aspek keberlanjutan teknologi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metode fisika efektif dalam menghilangkan sulfur anorganik, sedangkan metode kimia memberikan efisiensi desulfurisasi yang lebih tinggi melalui mekanisme oksidasi selektif, namun memerlukan konsumsi reagen yang lebih besar. Metode biologis menawarkan proses yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan selektif terhadap sulfur organik, meskipun masih terkendala laju reaksi dan penerapan pada skala industri. Sementara itu, metode hybrid menunjukkan potensi terbaik karena mampu mengintegrasikan keunggulan berbagai pendekatan sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi desulfurisasi sekaligus mempertahankan kualitas batubara. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi metode hybrid, didukung teknik karakterisasi modern dan evaluasi keberlanjutan, merupakan arah yang paling prospektif dalam pengembangan teknologi clean coal di masa mendatang.
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