Perkembangan dan Implementasi Electric Vehicle pada Industri Pertambangan: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62278/jits.v4i1.152Keywords:
Dekarbonisasi, Elektrifikasi, Kendaraan Listrik, tinjauan literatur sistematisAbstract
Industri pertambangan merupakan sektor dengan intensitas energi fosil dan emisi karbon tinggi, terutama pada operasi armada angkut, sehingga elektrifikasi kendaraan tambang melalui battery electric vehicle (BEV) menjadi jalur dekarbonisasi penting untuk dikaji. Bukti mengenai kesiapan implementasi, produktivitas, biaya, dampak lingkungan, dan keselamatannya masih tersebar pada berbagai jenis tambang, konfigurasi teknologi, dan pendekatan metodologis yang berdiri terpisah. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan dan mensintesiskan perkembangan penelitian implementasi electric vehicle (EV) pada industri pertambangan, mengevaluasi dampaknya terhadap produktivitas, ekonomi, lingkungan, dan keselamatan kerja, serta merumuskan kesenjangan dan agenda penelitian lanjutan. Tinjauan dilakukan dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) mengikuti alur PRISMA 2020 terhadap artikel dari basis data bereputasi (ScienceDirect, MDPI, IEEE Xplore, Springer) periode 2019–2026. Melalui proses identifikasi, penyaringan judul-abstrak, penilaian kelayakan teks lengkap, dan quality assessment, 25 artikel diinklusi dalam sintesis tematik. Hasil menunjukkan lonjakan publikasi sejak 2023, dengan objek kajian meluas dari haul truck ke alat gali-muat. Elektrifikasi berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi energi serta menurunkan biaya operasi dan emisi, tetapi manfaatnya bergantung pada karakteristik operasi dan bauran listrik. Tantangan utama meliputi biaya infrastruktur pengisian, risiko keselamatan terkait kegagalan baterai dan ventilasi tambang bawah tanah, serta dampak tidak langsung terhadap umur jalan angkut. Kesenjangan penelitian paling menonjol adalah minimnya kerangka analisis yang mengintegrasikan aspek teknis, ekonomi, lingkungan, dan keselamatan secara bersamaan. Secara keseluruhan, EV berpotensi layak pada kondisi operasional tertentu bergantung pada karakteristik tambang dan energi, sehingga implementasinya perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai transformasi sistem, bukan sekadar substitusi alat diesel.
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